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This version was published on April 1, 2008
Organizational Research Methods, Vol. 11, No. 2, 296-325 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1094428107300343

Testing Mediation and Suppression Effects of Latent Variables

Bootstrapping With Structural Equation Models

Gordon W. Cheung

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Rebecca S. Lau

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Because of the importance of mediation studies, researchers have been continuously searching for the best statistical test for mediation effect. The approaches that have been most commonly employed include those that use zero-order and partial correlation, hierarchical regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM). This study extends MacKinnon and colleagues (MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffmann, West, & Sheets, 2002; MacKinnon, Lockwood, & Williams, 2004, MacKinnon, Warsi, & Dwyer, 1995) works by conducting a simulation that examines the distribution of mediation and suppression effects of latent variables with SEM, and the properties of confidence intervals developed from eight different methods. Results show that SEM provides unbiased estimates of mediation and suppression effects, and that the bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals perform best in testing for mediation and suppression effects. Steps to implement the recommended procedures with Amos are presented.

Key Words: mediating effects • suppression effects • structural equation modeling


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D. A. Kenny
Reflections on Mediation
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Mediational Inferences in Organizational Research: Then, Now, and Beyond
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